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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an association of 38 member countries, most of them being rich-developed nations; understandably it attracts migrant workers and students.
During 2021, for the second consecutive year, India with an outflow of 4 lakh new migrants (students excluded) to OECD-member countries was the top country of origin, constituting 7.5% share of total flows. However, this was a miniscule rise of 3% as compared to the 2019 figure. The flows during 2020 were low at 2.2 lakh, but this can be attributed to closed borders during the pandemic. China at second position was far behind with 2.3 lakh new migrants (or 5.2% of the total flows), followed by Romania with 2 lakh odd new migrants (or 4% of the total flows).
Mobility agreements entered into with India found a mention in the report. “To step up efforts to actively recruit immigrant workers, several OECD-member countries continue to sign bilateral agreements and advance migration and mobility partnerships with selected origin countries. Portugal, Germany and Austria have recently concluded agreements on migration and mobility with India. This is the first time Germany has signed such a bilateral agreement, and the agreement is intended to serve as a model for potential future similar agreements with other countries,” it stated. It also mentioned that India has previously concluded bilateral migration and mobility agreements with Finland, France and the UK.
In the backdrop of the Ukrainian crisis, the new migrant flows could see a new picture emerging. As of June 2023, there were around 4.7 million displaced Ukrainians in OECD-member countries.
OECD-member countries stand to gain with the steady influx of international students, largely from China and India. In 2021, 43 lakh international students were enrolled in OECD-member countries, and China dominated with a stock of 8.9 lakh students. Indian students stood at 4.2 lakh during 2021, an almost static figure as compared to 2020. Vietnam was the third ranked source-country with 1.3 lakh students.
Almost one-fifth of international students in OECD are hosted by US, which housed 8 lakh odd international students; UK hosted 14% (or 6 lakh) of all international students, followed by Australia (9%) with 3.8 lakh students.
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